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Introduction Across indigenous Siberian and Mongolian shamanic traditions, alcohol  and tobacco  hold deeply sacred roles. They are far more than mundane stimulants or recreational substances; they are viewed as spiritually potent materials, often regarded as living  offerings or even vessels for spirit beings. In animistic cosmologies of these regions, every element of nature has an indwelling spirit, and alcohol and tobacco are no exception [1] [2] . Shamans treat them as “

Introduction In shamanic cosmology and depth psychology alike, invisible forces shape the visible world. Yet the way these forces are conceptualized differs radically between traditions. In traditional animistic shamanism, these are understood as spirits which are autonomous, living intelligences dwelling in animals, elements, and ancestors. In Jungian psychology, they appear as archetypes, primordial images or psychic patterns emerging from the collective unconscious. the di